مهمة أرتميس القمر: نحو مساكن بشرية في الفضاء السحيق 

Half a century after iconic Apollo Missions which allowed twelve men to walk on the قمر بين 1968 و 1972 ، وكالة ناسا is set to embark on ambitious أرتميس مون Mission designed not only to create long term الانسان presence on and around the قمر but also to learn lessons in preparation for الانسان missions and habitations on المريخ. عميق الفضاء الانسان habitation, enabling البشر to become a multi كوكب species to thwart the risk of extinction is still a very far dream however a beginning is to happen in near future.

“Since, in the long run, every كوكبي civilization will be endangered by impacts from الفضاء, every surviving civilization is obliged to become spacefaring—not because of exploratory or romantic zeal, but for the most practical reason imaginable: staying alive.” - كارل ساجان ، 1994.

Artemis I, an uncrewed flight test, the first in a series of آرتيمس’s increasingly complex missions to the قمر, is scheduled to lift off on 29 August 2022. This will pave the way for future crewed flights (Artemis II, Artemis III, and beyond) to the قمري surface. In 2024, Artemis will land the first woman and the first person of colour on the قمر.  

ما مجموعات آرتيمس apart is its aim to build a base camp on the lunar surface to give astronauts a place to live and work on the هلال. Artemis Base Camp includes a modern cabin, a rover, and a mobile home. It is true that البشر have been living and working on International الفضاء Station (ISS) for several years however Artemis Mission will allow astronauts to live on the surface of another celestial body, hence one can argue that Artemis would be first concrete step towards colonisation of deep الفضاء. This aspect makes Artemis special.  

الأرتميس قمر مهمة، ناسا collaborative programme with European الفضاء Agency (ESA) and Canadian الفضاء Agency (CSA) has three objectives –scientific discovery, economic benefits, and inspiration for new generation. There are six components of the mission  

• Orion spacecraft: The exploration vehicle that will carry crew to الفضاء, provide emergency abort, sustain the crew during the travel and provide safe re-entry to the Earth.  
• الفضاء Launch System (SLS) Rocket: The heavy-lift rocket that will launch Orion spacecraft. 
• أنظمة استكشاف الأرض (EGS): ستدعم إطلاق واستعادة رواد الفضاء العائدين. 
• The Gateway: the spaceship in lunar فلك that will serve as multi-purpose outpost تدور حول ال قمر where astronauts will transfer between Orion and the lander. This will provide essential support for long-term الانسان return to the lunar surface  
• الانسان Landing System: Lander will take astronauts from the Gateway in the lunar فلك على سطح قمر and back to the Gateway in the فلك. 
• Artemis Base Camp: will serve as the home and the workplace for a crew of four astronauts on the surface of the قمر for about 30-60 days. This will enable crew is to stay on the قمر for up to two months at a time. 

الانسان habitation system is the key piece of the mission for living longer in deep الفضاء both for extending duration of operation as well as for optimal physical and mental wellbeing of the astronaut. This is certainly an imperative for future mission to المريخ. The Transit Habitat is envisioned for long-duration missions.  

أصيب الانسان habitation on the surface of the قمر is a very ambitious goal because of unique challenges posed by the lunar environment and the remoteness from the Earth. Notwithstanding this, experiences gained in successful operation of International الفضاء Station (ISS) for over two decades should contribute in Artemis قمر البعثة.  

The Artemis Base Camp, as humanity’s first long-term home on land outside Earth will enable الانسان البعثات الى المريخ. With this, the idea of making البشر متعددةكوكب species begins.

*** 

مصادر:  

1. ناسا. أرتميس. متوفر عند https://www.nasa.gov/specials/artemis/ 

2. ناسا. برنامج أرتميس. متوفر عند https://www.nasa.gov/artemisprogram 

3. G. Flores, D. Harris, R. McCauley, S. Canerday, L. Ingram and N. Herrmann, “Deep الفضاء Habitation: Establishing a Sustainable الانسان Presence on the Moon and Beyond,” 2021 IEEE Aerospace Conference (50100), 2021, pp. 1-7, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO50100.2021.9438260 

4. NASA. Artemis Deep Space Habitation: Enabling a Sustained الانسان Presence on the Moon and Beyond. Available at https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20220000245/downloads/Artemis%20Deep%20Space%20Habitation%20Enabling%20a%20Sustained%20Human%20Presence%20on%20the%20Moon%20and%20Beyond%20(3).pdf 

***